
year | type     | name      | bits | ~freq.  | ~memory   | ~elements    | other      | comment
-----+----------+-----------+------+---------+-----------+--------------+------------+-------------------------------------
1941 | computer | Z3        |  22  | 5 Hz    | 64 * 22 b | 2000 relays  | ~1 tonne,  | 1st programmable, fully automatic 
     |          |           |      | 1 IPS   |           |              | punch tapes| electromechanical, digital computer,
     |          |           |      |         |           |              |            | made in Germany
-----+----------+-----------+------+---------+-----------+--------------+------------+-------------------------------------
1945 | computer | ENIAC     |      | 100 kHz |           | ~17000 vacc. | ~27 tonnes | 1st programmable electronic
     |          |           |      | 1000 IPS|           |tubes, 1500   |            | computer, made in USA
     |          |           |      |         |           |relays        |            |
-----+----------+-----------+------+---------+-----------+--------------+------------+-------------------------------------
1954 | computer | IBM 650   |      | 0.2     |drum,      | vacuum tubes | ~2 tonnes  | popular computer by IBM
     |          |           |      | IPS     |4000 * 10  |              |            | punch cardds
     |          |           |      |         |dec. digits|              |            |
-----+----------+-----------+------+---------+-----------+--------------+------------+-------------------------------------
1964 | archit.  |IBM System |  32  |         |           |              | 8bit bytes | 1st general purpose architecture/
     |          |360 (S/360)|      |         |           |              | microcode  | instruction set (CISC), attempting 
     |          |           |      |         |           |              |            | compatibility between computers 
-----+----------+-----------+------+---------+-----------+--------------+------------+-------------------------------------
1966 | computer | Apollo    |  16  | 2 MHz   |2048 * 16 b|              |            | computer by NASA for Moon landing
     |          | Guidance  |      |         |           |              |            |
     |          | Computer  |      |         |           |              |            |
     |          | (AGC)     |      |         |           |              |            |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1968 | event    | Intel founded
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1971 | event    | AMD founded
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1971 | CPU      |Intel 4004 |  4   | 700 kHz | 64 B      | 2250 10000   | BCD, MOS   | 1st commercial CPU
     |          |           |      |         |           | transistors  |            |
-----+----------+-----------+------+---------+-----------+--------------+------------+-------------------------------------
1972 | g. cons. | Magnavox  |      |         | 64 B      |              | Intel CPU, | 1st home video game console, output
     |          | Odyssey   |      |         |           |              | game cards | to TV, no sound, 3 dots on screen
-----+----------+-----------+------+---------+-----------+--------------+------------+-------------------------------------
1975 | CPU      | AMD Am9080|  8   | 2 MHz   |           | 6000 6000nm  |            | reverse-eng. clone of Intel 8080 CPU
     |          |           |      |         |           | transistors  |            |
-----+----------+-----------+------+---------+-----------+--------------+------------+-------------------------------------
1977 | g. cons. | Atari 2600|  8   | 1 MHz   | 128 B     |              | MOS, 2 KB  | output to TV, joystick, sprite-based
     |          |           |      |         |           |              | game cartr.| graphics
-----+----------+-----------+------+---------+-----------+--------------+------------+-------------------------------------
1978 | CPU,     |Intel 8086 |  16  | 5 MHz   |           |              |            | starts x86 family
     | archit.  | (iAPX 86) |      |         |           |              |            |
-----+----------+-----------+------+---------+-----------+--------------+------------+-------------------------------------
1981 | computer | IBM PC    |  16  | 5 MHz   | 640 KB    |              | Intel 8088,| open architecture personal computer,
     |          |           |      |         |           |              | DOS        | defines desktop PCs, introduces IBM
     |          |           |      |         |           |              |            | PC compatibility
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1981 | event    | Intel-AMD agreement                                                  Intel grants some rights to CPUs to     
     |          | agreement                                                            AMD, also out of pressure from IBM
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1982 | CPU      |Intel 80286|  16  | 10 MHz  |           | 134000 1500nm|            |
     |          |           |      |         |           | transistors  |            |
-----+----------+-----------+------+---------+-----------+--------------+------------+-------------------------------------
1982 | computer | Commodore |  8   | 1 MHz   | 64 KB     |              | BASIC      | US successful home computer
     |          | 64 (C64)  |      |         |           |              | interpret.,| contained in a keyboard, begins
     |          |           |      |         |           |              | cartridg.  | demoscene
-----+----------+-----------+------+---------+-----------+--------------+------------+-------------------------------------
1982 | computer |Sinclair ZX|  8   | 3.5 MHz | 48 KB     |              |BASIC,color | UK home comp., sold also in less  
     |          | Spectrum  |      |         |           |              |256x192dis. | powerful versions
-----+----------+-----------+------+---------+-----------+--------------+------------+-------------------------------------
1983 | g. cons. | Nintendo  |  8   | 2 MHz   | 2 KB      |              |1 MB cartr. | version of Japanese Famicom with 
     |          | Entertain.|      |         |           |              |            | almost same HW, output to TV
     |          | System    |      |         |           |              |            |
     |          | (NES)     |      |         |           |              |            |
-----+----------+-----------+------+---------+-----------+--------------+------------+-------------------------------------
1985 | CPU      |Intel 80386|  32  | 20 MHz  |           | 275000 1000nm|            | IA-32 is the 32 bit version of
     |          | (i386,    |      |         |           | transistors  |            | X86 family
     |          |  IA-32)   |      |         |           |              |            |
-----+----------+-----------+------+---------+-----------+--------------+------------+-------------------------------------
1989 | CPU      |Intel 80486|  32  | 50 MHz  |           | 1M 1000nm    | L1 cache   |
     |          | (i486,486)|      |         |           | transistors  |            |
-----+----------+-----------+------+---------+-----------+--------------+------------+-------------------------------------
1989 | g. cons. | Game Boy  |  8   | 4 MHz   | 8 KB      |              | 160x144    | small handheld console by Nintendo,
     |          | (GB)      |      |         |           |              | 2b display | 2D games
     |          |           |      |         |           |              |            |
-----+----------+-----------+------+---------+-----------+--------------+------------+-------------------------------------
1991 | g.cons.  |Super Nint.|  16  | 4 MHz   | 128 KB    |              | 100 MB     | 2D and extremely simple 3D games
     |          |Entertain. |      |         |           |              | game cart. |
     |          | System    |      |         |           |              |            |
     |          | (SNES)    |      |         |           |              |            |
-----+----------+-----------+------+---------+-----------+--------------+------------+-------------------------------------
1991 | CPU      | AMD Am386 |  32  | 30 MHz  |           |              | no L2      | successful clone of Intel 80386, 
     |          |           |      |         |           |              |            | will lead to lawsuit with Intel
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1993 | event    | NVidia founded
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1993 | CPU      | Intel     |  32  | 60 MHz  |           | 3M 800nm     |~24 KB L1,  | remains x86, but drops it from the
     |          | Pentium   |      |         |           | transistors  |improved FPU| name
     |          | (P5)      |      |         |           |              |            |
-----+----------+-----------+------+---------+-----------+--------------+------------+-------------------------------------
1994 | g. cons. |PlayStation|  32  | 30 MHz  | 2 MB      |              |RISC CPU,GPU| by Sony, output to TV, 3D games
     |          | (PS1,PSX) |      |         |           |              |640x480 res.|
-----+----------+-----------+------+---------+-----------+--------------+------------+-------------------------------------
1996 | g. cons. |Nintendo 64|  64  | 90 MHz  | 4 MB      |              |640x480 dis.|
     |          | (N64)     |      |         |           |              |64 MB cart. |
-----+----------+-----------+------+---------+-----------+--------------+------------+-------------------------------------
1996 | CPU      | AMD K5    |  32  | 100 MHz |           | 4M 400nm     |24 KB L1    | 1st in-house CPU by AMD, competition 
     |          |           |      |         |           | transistors  |            | to Intel Pentium
-----+----------+-----------+------+---------+-----------+--------------+------------+-------------------------------------
1996 | GPU      | Voodoo    |      | 50 MHz  | 8 MB      | 500nm        |            | GPU by 3dfx
     |          | graphics  |      |         |           | transistors  |            | 
-----+----------+-----------+------+---------+-----------+--------------+------------+-------------------------------------
1997 | CPU      | Intel     |  32  | 300 MHz |           | 7M 200nm     |MMX,32 KB   | evolving P5 archit. to P6
     |          | Pentium II|      |         |           | transistors  |L1,512 KB L2|
-----+----------+-----------+------+---------+-----------+--------------+------------+-------------------------------------
1997 | CPU      | AMD K6    |  32  | 300 MHz |           | 8M 300nm     |MMX, 64 KB  | competition to Intel Pentium II
     |          |           |      |         |           | transistors  |L1          |
-----+----------+-----------+------+---------+-----------+--------------+------------+-------------------------------------
1998 | CPU      | Intel     |  32  |         |           |              |            | low-end consumer CPU line = Pentium
     |          | Celeron   |      |         |           |              |            | II without some cache
-----+----------+-----------+------+---------+-----------+--------------+------------+-------------------------------------
1998 | CPU      | Intel Xeon|  32  | 400 MHz |           |              | 1 MB L2    | xeon =high end non-consumer Pentium
-----+----------+-----------+------+---------+-----------+--------------+------------+-------------------------------------
1998 | g. cons. | Game Boy  |  8   | 4 MHz   | 32 KB     |              |160x144 col.| improved Game Boy
     |          |Color (GBC)|      |         |           |              | disp.      |
-----+----------+-----------+------+---------+-----------+--------------+------------+-------------------------------------
1999 | CPU      | AMD Athlon|  32  | 1 GHz   |           | 22M 200nm    | 128 KB L1, | 1st CPU to reach 1 GHz, overrtakes
     |          | (K7)      |      |         |           | transistors  | 512 KB L2  | and outperforms Intel Pentium III
-----+----------+-----------+------+---------+-----------+--------------+------------+-------------------------------------
1999 | CPU      | Intel     |  32  | 1 GHz   |           | 10M 100nm    | SSE, PSN,  | race vs AMD to 1 GHz, controversial
     |          |Pentium III|      |         |           | transistors  | 512 KB L2  | serial number (PSN, surveillance)
-----+----------+-----------+------+---------+-----------+--------------+------------+-------------------------------------
1999 | GPU      | NVidia    |      |         |           |              |            | 1st GeForce by NVidia, fixed-pipeline
     |          |GeForce 256|      |         |           |              |            | (transf., light, clip)
-----+----------+-----------+------+---------+-----------+--------------+------------+-------------------------------------
2000 | CPU      | Intel     |  32  | 2 GHz   |           | 42M 100nm    |            |
     |          | Pentium 4 |      |         |           | transistors  |            |
-----+----------+-----------+------+---------+-----------+--------------+------------+-------------------------------------
2000 | CPU      | AMD Duron |  32  | 1.2 GHz |           | 25M 130nm    | 128 KB L1, | budget low-end CPU alternative to
     |          |           |      |         w           | transistors  | 64 KB L2   | Athlon (reduced cache, ...)
-----+----------+-----------+------+---------+-----------+--------------+------------+-------------------------------------
2001 | CPU,     | Intel     |  64  | 1.5 GHz |           |              |            | 1st Intel's 64bit CPU, IA-64 is NOT 
     | archit.  | Itanium   |      |         |           |              |            | compatible with x86-64, it is a new 
     |          | (IA-64)   |      |         |           |              |            | 64 bit architecture
-----+----------+-----------+------+---------+-----------+--------------+------------+-------------------------------------
2001 | g. cons. | Game Boy  |  32  | 16 MHz  | 256 KB    |              |240x480 col.| handheld by Nintendo, 2D and very
     |          | Advance   |      |         |           |              | disp.      | simple 3D games
-----+----------+-----------+------+---------+-----------+--------------+------------+-------------------------------------
2003 | CPU      |AMD Opteron|  64  | 2 GHz   |           | 100mn        | 1024 KB L2 | 1st CPU with x86-64 (AMD64) arch.,
     |          |           |      |         |           | transistors  |            | backw. compatible with x86
-----+----------+-----------+------+---------+-----------+--------------+------------+-------------------------------------
2003 | g. cons. | Nokia     |  32  | 100 MHz | 16 MB     |              | ARM CPU,   | smartphone/gaming handheld by Nokia,
     |          | N-Gage    |      |         |           |              | 176x208    | 3D games
-----+----------+-----------+------+---------+-----------+--------------+------------+-------------------------------------
2005 | CPU      | Intel     |  64  | 3 GHz   |           | 376M 80nm    | 2 cores    | 1st Intel's dual core CPU
     |          | Pentium D |      |         |           | transistors  |            |
-----+----------+-----------+------+---------+-----------+--------------+------------+-------------------------------------
2005 | CPU      | AMD Athlon|  64  | 2 GHz   |           | 240 80nm     | 2 cores,   | 1st AMD's dual core CPU
     |          | 64 X2     |      |         |           | transistors  | 1 MB L2    |
-----+----------+-----------+------+---------+-----------+--------------+------------+-------------------------------------
2006 | CPU      | Intel Core|  64  | 2 GHz   |           | 300M 65nm    | 2 cores    | new naming: solo = 1 core, duo = 2 
     |          | 2 Duo     |      |         |           | transistors  |            | cores, quad = 4 cores etc.
-----+----------+-----------+------+---------+-----------+--------------+------------+-------------------------------------
2006 | event    | AMD buys ATI
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2007 | event    | Intel Management Engine (ME)                                         ME, a dangerous backdoor, is intro.,
     |          |                                                                      later will be put in all CPUs
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2008 | CPU      | Intel     |  64  | 1.6 GHz |           | 47M 45nm     | 2 cores    | Atom = new line of mobile low-volt.
     |          | Atom 330  |      |         |           | transistors  | 1024 KB L2 | CPUs
-----+----------+-----------+------+---------+-----------+--------------+------------+-------------------------------------
2008 | CPU      | Intel     |  64  | 3 GHz   |           | 700M 45nm    | 8 MB L3    | new naming for Core processors: -iX,
     |          |Core-i7 920|      |         |           | transistors  | 4 cores    | higher X = better, != no. of cores
-----+----------+-----------+------+---------+-----------+--------------+------------+-------------------------------------
2009 | CPU      | Intel     |  64  | 2.7 GHz |           | 700M 45nm    | 8 MB L3,   | 
     |          |Core-i5 750|      |         |           | transistors  | 4 cores    |
-----+----------+-----------+------+---------+-----------+--------------+------------+-------------------------------------
2010 | CPU      | Intel     |  64  | 3 GHz   |           | 382M 32nm    | 4 MB L3,   | 
     |          |Core-i3 530|      |         |           | transistors  | 2 cores    |
-----+----------+-----------+------+---------+-----------+--------------+------------+-------------------------------------
2010 | CPU      | Intel     |  64  | 3.2 GHz |           | 1B 32nm      | 12 MB L3   |
     |          |Core-i7 970|      |         |           | transistors  | 6 cores    |
-----+----------+-----------+------+---------+-----------+--------------+------------+-------------------------------------
2012 | computer | Raspberry |  64  |>=700 MHz| >=256 MB  |              | ARM,USB,SD,| popular UK single board comp.,"open"
     |          | Pi        |      |         |           |              | ET,HDMI,GPU| arch. (proprietary firmware)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2013 | event    | AMD Platform Security Processor                                      AMD starts putting backdoor (similar
     |          |                                                                      to Intel ME) to its CPUs
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2015 | g.cons.  | Arduboy   |  8   | 16 MHz  | 2.5 KB    |              | 32 KB ROM, | simple open handheld console
     |          |           |      |         |           |              |128x64 1b d.|
-----+----------+-----------+------+---------+-----------+--------------+------------+-------------------------------------
2017 | g.cons.  | Pokitto   |  32  | 48 MHz  | 36 KB     |              | ARM CPU,   | open educational handheld console
     |          |           |      |         |           |              | 256 KB ROM,|
     |          |           |      |         |           |              | 220x176    |
-----+----------+-----------+------+---------+-----------+--------------+------------+-------------------------------------
2017 | CPU      |Intel Core-|  64  | 2.5 GHz |           | ~5B 14nm     | 24 MB L3   |
     |          | i9 7980XE |      |         |           | transistors  | 18 cores   |
-----+----------+-----------+------+---------+-----------+--------------+------------+-------------------------------------
2017 | CPU      | AMD Ryzen |  64  | 4 GHz   |           | 5B 12nm      | 96 KB L1,  |
     |          |Threadripp.|      |         |           | transistors  | 32 MB L3,  |
     |          | 1950X     |      |         |           |              | 16 cores   |
-----+----------+-----------+------+---------+-----------+--------------+------------+-------------------------------------
2018 | g.cons.  | Gamebuino |  32  | 48 MHz  | 32 KB     |              | ARM CPU,   | open educational handheld console        
     |          | (GB) Meta |      |         |           |              | 256 KB ROM |
     |          |           |      |         |           |              | 160x128    |
-----+----------+-----------+------+---------+-----------+--------------+------------+-------------------------------------
